Market equilibrium
Two curves and one market-clearing price. A simple starting point.
At price 20, quantity demanded and quantity supplied both equal 60.
Use template →Supply and Demand Graph Maker
Create a supply and demand graph online for free. Start with an editable template or your own data, compare curve shifts, estimate equilibrium, and download your graph without signup.
- Free to use
- No watermark
- No signup
- Data stays in your browser
Graph editor
Loading your locally saved graph…
Quantity, Demand price, Supply price. Max 300 rows.
Generate from linear equations
Qd = a − bP · Qs = c + dP. Applying replaces the table with sampled values; your table is the saved source. Reopen this form to enter a new model; the fields are not fitted to your current table.
Compare curve shifts (optional)
Add quantity at every price: positive shifts right, negative shifts left. Shift amounts use your quantity units.
Original data · Demand shift: 0 · Supply shift: 0 units
Original market data
Sample data
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Your data is processed in your browser.
| Equilibrium | Result |
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| Price | 55.00 |
| Quantity | 45.00 |
Start with a scenario
Supply and demand graph templates and examples
Choose the situation you want to explain. Each template loads editable data, labeled curves, and a calculated equilibrium into the graph maker above.
Demand increases
More buyers enter the market. Compare old and new equilibrium.
Demand shifts right. With supply unchanged, price rises to 25 and quantity rises to 70.
Use template →Demand decreases
Preferences change and buyers demand less at every price.
Demand shifts left. With supply unchanged, price falls to 15 and quantity falls to 50.
Use template →Supply increases
Lower production costs increase supply at every price.
Supply shifts right. With demand unchanged, price falls to 15 and quantity rises to 70.
Use template →Supply decreases
An input shortage raises costs and reduces supply.
Supply shifts left. With demand unchanged, price rises to 25 and quantity falls to 50.
Use template →Demand decreases + supply increases
Two shifts at once. Explore why the quantity outcome depends on their sizes.
Equal shifts with these equal slopes reduce price to 10 and keep quantity at 60. Other relative shifts can increase or decrease quantity.
Use template →How does a supply and demand graph work?
Quantity is horizontal; price is vertical. Supply and demand meet at equilibrium. Use the examples above, or try a question below.
Supply and demand curve shifts
Other curve unchanged; standard upward supply and downward demand.
Demand increasesDemand → right · Price ↑ · Quantity ↑Try →Demand decreasesDemand → left · Price ↓ · Quantity ↓Try →Supply increasesSupply → right · Price ↓ · Quantity ↑Try →Supply decreasesSupply → left · Price ↑ · Quantity ↓Try →
Shift or movement along a curve?
A change in the good’s own price moves along a curve. Income, tastes, technology, or input costs can shift it.
Supply and demand equations
Enter coefficients to generate an editable price schedule.
- Demand
- Qd = a − bP
- Supply
- Qs = c + dP
- Price
- P* = (a − c) / (b + d)
Example: a = 100, b = 2, c = 20, d = 2 → price 20, quantity 60.
How do functions map to the graph?
Qd and Qs give quantity at price P. The graph still puts quantity on X and price on Y. Slopes b and d are nonnegative; b + d must be positive. Only a nonnegative intersection within the plotted range is reported.
Supply and demand graph practice problems
Check an answer, then try it in the graph maker.
1. Find equilibrium: Qd = 100 − 2P, Qs = 20 + 2P.
Set Qd = Qs: 80 = 4P. Price = 20; quantity = 60.
Try this graph ↑2. Demand rises by 20 units at every price. What changes?
For this example, price rises to 25 and quantity to 70; supply stays unchanged.
Try this graph ↑3. Demand decreases and supply increases. Does quantity rise?
Price falls in the standard model. Quantity depends on the relative shifts. Our equal-shift example keeps it at 60.
Try this graph ↑4. At price 10 in the basic example, is there a shortage?
Quantity demanded is 80; quantity supplied is 40. The shortage is 40 units.
Try this graph ↑Quick supply-curve questions
Why is supply usually positively sloped?
Higher prices can make additional output worthwhile as marginal costs rise. This is the standard model, not a rule for every market.
Can supply slope downward?
Special models can differ. Do not interpret a downward curve as ordinary upward-sloping competitive supply.
What is an industry supply curve?
Add the quantities supplied by firms at each price to form market supply.
Why is land supply drawn vertically?
A fixed amount of land in a location is modeled as perfectly inelastic. Land available for a particular use can change.
Is a supply schedule the same as a curve?
A schedule is a table of prices and quantities. The supply curve plots that relationship.
Does demand create supply?
Higher demand may encourage more output, but a demand shift does not automatically shift the supply curve.
Concept references: OpenStax, EconGraphs market supply, and Economic Report of the President, 2018.
How to make a supply and demand graph
- 1
Choose a template or add data
Load an editable example, or select the input format matching your three-column table before pasting or importing data.
- 2
Confirm the column mapping
Open Customize to select the price or quantity input column, demand series, and supply series when headers differ.
- 3
Compare equilibrium and export
Optionally shift a curve, compare original and new equilibrium, adjust axis titles, and download PNG or SVG.
What is a supply and demand graph?
A supply and demand graph plots quantity on the horizontal axis and price or value on the vertical axis. Demand commonly slopes downward while supply slopes upward, making their relationship easy to compare.
This economics graph maker keeps quantity on a true numeric scale, so irregular gaps between entered quantities remain proportional. It also identifies an approximate equilibrium only when the supplied curves meet or cross inside the entered range.
Example supply and demand data
This inverse-price example uses quantity followed by demand price and supply price. Its straight-line segments intersect at quantity 45 and price 55. Templates use the alternative textbook schedule: price with quantities demanded and supplied.
| Quantity | Demand | Supply |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 90 | 20 |
| 20 | 80 | 30 |
| 30 | 70 | 40 |
| 40 | 60 | 50 |
| 50 | 50 | 60 |
| 60 | 40 | 70 |
| 70 | 30 | 80 |
How equilibrium works
The graph maker intersects the straight segments between your entered points. It supports inverse-price tables and price schedules, with optional horizontal quantity shifts. Only a unique nonnegative intersection inside the supplied curves is reported.
Exact match
When the supplied curves meet at an entered point, that price and quantity are reported directly, provided the intersection is unique.
Between two rows
When the curves cross between adjacent quantities, the tool estimates the intersection using straight-line interpolation.
No in-range crossing
If the supplied curves never meet or cross, the graph reports that no equilibrium appears in the entered range.
How to read supply and demand curves
Read both curves against the numeric quantity axis, then compare their vertical positions and intersection.
Read the demand curve
A demand curve shows how much buyers are willing and able to buy at different prices, holding other factors constant. It typically slopes downward.
Read the supply curve
A supply curve shows how much sellers are willing and able to sell at different prices, holding other factors constant. It typically slopes upward. The curves intersect at equilibrium.
When to use this tool
Use this online supply and demand graph maker when two value curves need to be compared against a shared quantity scale.
Economics assignments
Turn a classroom table into readable supply and demand curves with a clearly reported equilibrium.
Scenario comparisons
Visualize how buyer and seller values change across regular or irregular quantity levels.
Reports and presentations
Export a clean economics graph for documents, slides, worksheets, or teaching material.
Supply and demand graph maker features
Editable graph templates
Start from six original supply and demand examples, then change the data and labels.
Before and after curve comparisons
Shift either curve horizontally, keep optional original curves, and compare equilibrium values. Use black-and-white styling for printed assignments.
Explicit curve mapping
Choose the quantity, demand, and supply columns without silently merging numeric series.
True numeric quantity axis
Preserve proportional spacing for regular or irregular quantity values.
Equilibrium detection
Report exact or interpolated intersections only when they occur inside the entered range.
Focused validation
Handle missing columns, blank cells, non-numeric values, and non-crossing curves without crashing.
CSV and Excel import
Paste data or upload CSV and XLSX files through the same data editor used on every graph page.
Local save and export
Save the project on this device and export the finished graph as PNG, SVG, or CSV.
Related graph makers
Supply and demand graph maker FAQ
Answers about curve mapping, equilibrium, imports, and non-crossing data.
Can I create a graph from a supply and demand template?
Yes. Choose one of six editable examples: equilibrium, demand increases or decreases, supply increases or decreases, and simultaneous demand decrease and supply increase. Each template opens as a new graph. Return to previous data, labels, shifts, and styling through My graphs.
Can I enter supply and demand equations?
Open Generate from linear equations and enter coefficients for Qd = a − bP and Qs = c + dP. Applying generates a sampled price schedule that becomes your editable, saved source. This is a bounded linear model, not a general equation solver.
Does this supply and demand graph maker use AI?
No. This economics graph maker plots the values you enter or import. Intersections are calculated from those supplied values; no AI prompt generation is used.
Why keep the original curves when showing a shift?
Original and shifted curves make it easier to compare E₁ and E₂. You can hide the original curves when you only need the updated graph. A basic equilibrium template starts with just one curve pair.
Is this supply and demand graph maker free?
Yes. The free supply and demand graph maker works online without signup or a watermark.
How should I arrange my data?
Choose Quantity + demand and supply prices for inverse tables, or Price + quantities for textbook schedules. Select the matching format before importing or pasting. The format selector reinterprets values rather than converting them. Map columns in Customize.
How is equilibrium calculated?
The supply demand graph generator intersects the straight-line segments connecting your data. It uses an entered intersection or interpolates between points, reporting only a unique nonnegative in-range equilibrium. Parallel, coincident, and multiple-intersection curves do not have a unique reported answer.
What if the curves never cross?
No equilibrium is displayed outside your data. The editor reports that no equilibrium appears within the supplied quantity range.
Can I paste or upload economics data?
Yes. Paste a spreadsheet table or upload CSV and Excel files. Processing and local saving remain in your browser.
Review the calculation method, worked example, and limitations when interpreting your chart. If something looks incorrect, report an issue.